Here we have latest equipment like

1. Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

Short wave diathermy is an application to tissues of electrical field which oscillates at a frequency of 27.12 MHz and a wave length of 11.56 mt this field generates heat within the issues by movements of molecules and ions.
Position of the patient:

• Lying or sitting.

Duration:

• 15 – 20 min.

Technique:

• Here two pad electrodes can be placed side by side on the same aspect of the part or medio lateral or antero posterior electrodes can be covered with the towel then intensity is turn on.

Indications:

• Soft tissue injuries.
• Inflammatory arthritis.
• Degenerative arthritis.
• Sinusitis.
• Backache.

2. Interferential Therapy (IFT)

Here two medium frequency currents at constant intensity but different frequencies are applied to the body at the same time the intensity of the combined current will increase and decrease rhythmically.
The combined current has a frequency equal to the difference between the two medium frequencies known as the beat frequency and this is called interference effect.
Position of the patient:

• Lying or sitting.

Duration:

• 15 – 20 min.

Technique:

• Four electrodes are used in to pairs each pair being indicated by coloring of the wire from the machine the electrodes of each pair are placed diagonally opposite one another after that intensity is increased according to the patient tolerance.

Indication:

• Degenerative arthritis.
• Soft tissue injuries.
• Backache.
• Reduction of oedema.
• Contraindications.
• Pacemakers.
• Deep vein thrombosis.

3. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS)

It involves a principle where in the large sensory myelinated fibres are stimulated without discomfort to the patient and without muscle contractions.
Position of the patient:

• Lying or sitting

Duration:

• 15 – 20 min.

Technique:

• Here two or four (Depending upon the condition of the patient) electrodes are placed on the skin with the conductive gel. Electrodes can be bandaged on to the patient then intensity is increased according to the patient tolerance.

Indications:

• Soft tissue injuries.
• Incisional pain.
• Degenerative arthritis.
• Phantom limb pain.

4. Ultrasound

Ultrasound therapy involves production of longitudinal mechanical waves above the audible range (20 kHz)
The frequencies used in physiotherapy departments are from 0.75 mhz to 3 mhz.
Position of the patient:

• Lying or sitting.

Duration: 

• Depending upon the condition of the patient.

Technique: 

• Gel is applied to the part to be treated and then ultrasound head is moved. Speed of Ultrasound head 4 cm per sec.

Indications:

• Soft tissue injuries.
• Inflammatory arthritis.
• Chronic synovitis.
• To reduce adhesions.

5. Paraffin Wax Therapy

This wax has a low melting point and is contained in a bath thermostatically controlled between 40C and 44C. As the wax solidifies on the skin the energy released by the latent heat of fusion results in heating of the tissues.




Indications:

• Pain after trauma.
• Degenerative joint disease.
• Chronic inflammatory arthritis.
• Skin conditions following Plaster Of Paris (POP) removal and surgical scar can be improved.
  
  

6. Moist Packs

These are canvas bags filled with a hydrophilic substance and stored in a thermostatically controlled cabinet of water between 75°C to 80°C.The area to be treated should be totally covered by the pack, which is molded to the contour of the body.

Indications:

• Acute sprain of neck.
• Chronic inflammatory conditions.

7. Cold Therapy (Cryotherapy)

Cold therapy has been used for relief of pain since ancient times.In recent years it is being used in the form of ice packs, vapour collant sprays and ice massage.It is most useful in acute musculoskeletal pain associated with sports injuries or trauma.

Indication:

• Facilitation of the movement in case of hemiparesis.
• To reduce swelling .
• To reduce pain and muscle spasm.

Traction is defined as the act of drawing.
It means the act of exerting a pulling force.
It may be manually applied or by mechanical methods.
It can be used for both cervical and lumber regions.
Indications:

• Nerve root compression .
• Degenerative joint disease.
• Joint dysfunction (to reduce muscle spasm).

9. Faradiac Current

A faradiac current is a short duration interrupted alternating direct current with pulse duration of 0.02 to 1 ms and a frequency of 50-100 Hz.
Indications:

• These currents are normally used for stimulating muscles with an intact nerve supply (innervated muscles).

10. Galvanic Current

This is an unidirectional current also know as constant direct current (Galvanism).
Indications:

• These currents are used for denervated muscles.

11. Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Machine

CPM is a post operative treatment method designed to aid in the recovery of joints immediately after trauma or surgery.
CPM is carried out by a CPM device which constantly moves the joint through a control range of motion.
CPM is used following various types of reconstructive joint surgery such as knee replacement and anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.